What is grammar Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

What is grammar - Essay Example(Aitchison, 1993 p. 125) Respectively, grammar can be formal, notional, and functional. Formal grammar concentrates on the education of linguistic forms it may apply formalized techniques of logic and mathematics.Notional, or semantic, grammar studies the meaning of linguistic patterns it assumes the population of extralinguistic categories in order to define grammatical units. Formal and notional grammars be competence grammars that concentrate on on the speakers knowledge of dustup (the rules the speaker must know to use the language properly). Competence grammar contrasts with functional grammar which studies the use of linguistic patterns in speech and writing. Competence grammars are primarily linguocentric they study the language without its relation to the speakers and the situation of speech. Performance grammars are mostly anthropocentric they consider the linguistic patterns utilise in speech and influenced by the characteristics of th e speakers and the communicative situations.Lingocentric and anthropocentric grammars can be hard-nosed and theoretical. Practical, or normative, grammars are prescriptive they attempt to establish rules for the correct use of language in society. The speakers of language use practical grammars as reference books. Theoretical grammars are descriptive they provide a precise account of language in its actual usage. A theoretical grammar may go beyond the study of individual languages, in which case it uses linguistic data as a means of developing insights into the nature of language as such, and into the categories and processes needed for linguistic analysis. (Aitchison, 1993 p. 148)Theoretical grammars describing the linguistic patterns at a particular period of time are called parallel grammars. Synchronic grammars comparing the systems of two or more languages are called comparative grammars. Along with synchronic grammars, there are diachronic, or historical, grammars that